Sicence:确认引起严重流感的基因突变
http://img100.bio1000.com/uploads/201503/27/15-46-55-40-48765.jpg对一个法国女童及其父母的一项研究表明,导致被称作干扰素的抗病毒蛋白丧失的一种隐性突变可能是有时会让孩子罹患罕见但严重流感的原因。尽管喝鸡汤及卧床休息会让大多数孩子挺过流感,但有少数特殊的病人会得上一种威胁生命的流感。怀疑基因突变可能是这种严重型流感的基础,Michael Ciancanelli和同事对一个7岁大孩子的整个外显子组进行了测序;这个孩子在2岁半时因普通流感病毒引起的威胁生命的感染而住院。研究人员还对她的父母进行了测序并发现,他们各自在会影响IRF7基因的等位基因上存在一个杂合型突变;IRF7基因所编码的是一种转录因子,它会因应病毒感染而刺激干扰素的产生。Ciancanelli和其同事对这个孩子的培养中的细胞进行了测试并发现,她的许多皮肤细胞和免疫细胞不能因应流感病毒而产生I型和III型干扰素,这使得流感病毒会或多或少地在不受控制的情况下进行复制。总之,这些发现表明,为了保护人体免受流感病毒的原发感染,需要有IRF7来激发产生I型和III型干扰素;而一个单基因的先天错误就可能会引起最严重的流感。由于这个孩子此后每年都接种流感疫苗而避免了类似的严重感染,研究人员提出,尽管有这类与免疫有关的先天性错误的存在,疫苗接种或能提供保护。他们的发现还凸显了在个体及小群组病人中进行这类基因研究的价值。原文链接:Life-threatening influenza and impaired interferon amplification in humanIRF7 deficiencySevere influenza disease strikes otherwise healthy children and remains unexplained. We report compound heterozygous null mutations in IRF7, which encodes the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 7, inan otherwise healthy child who suffered life-threatening influenza during primary infection. In response toinfluenza virus, the patient’s leukocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells produced very little type I and IIIinterferons (IFNs). Moreover, the patient’s dermal fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived pulmonary epithelial cells produced reduced amounts of type I IFN and displayed increased influenza virus replication. These findings suggest that IRF7-dependent amplification of type I and III IFNs is required for protection against primary infection by influenza virus in humans. They also show that severe influenza may result from single-gene inborn errors of immunity.转帖自http://science.bio1000.com/sciencearchive/201503/420.html
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