序道 发表于 2016-7-11 10:19:10

PLOS ONE:神秘病毒通过唾液传播,导致女性不孕

      近日,科学家在《PLOS ONE》杂志上表示,一种神秘的病毒可能是原发性不孕的罪魁祸首,该病毒可通过唾液传播。
      为了阐明人类疱疹病毒HHV-6对原发性不孕的影响,意大利费拉拉大学的研究人员展开了一项前瞻性研究。该研究以原发性不孕女性和至少有一次成功妊娠的女性作为试验对象,通过子宫内膜活检分析了HHV-6病毒基因以及子宫内膜自然杀伤细胞(NK)的百分比和免疫表型,同时还分析了子宫冲洗液中的细胞因子水平。
      通过子宫内膜活检,研究人员发现43%的原发性不孕女性携带HHV-6A 基因,但在成功妊娠的女性中并未发现HHV-6A 基因。此外,在两组女性子宫内膜活检中均未发现HHV-6B基因,但在外周血单个核细胞中检测到了HHV-6B基因。与未被HHV-6A感染的不孕女性相比,被HHV-6A感染的不孕女性子宫内膜特殊CD56brightCD16- NK细胞的百分比更低,但子宫内膜NK细胞应答更强。
      研究人员表明,该研究首次证明HHV-6A感染可能是原发性不孕的一个重要因素,同时可能对改变子宫内膜NK细胞免疫谱起到一定的作用,因而对付该病毒有望治疗原发性不孕,然而该研究还需进一步证实。若HHV-6病毒与不孕的关联性被证实,那么可通过杀灭病毒来帮助女性恢复生育力,这或许能帮助患者省下试管婴儿的治疗费用。
      曾研究该病毒的美国哈佛大学Anthony Komaroff教授对此表示感慨,他认为这是一项惊人的发现,如果被证实,那么将大大改善女性的不孕现状。
关于HHV-6病毒
      HHV-6病毒与痘病毒同属一个家族,可导致水痘、疱疹和传染性单核白细胞增多,该病毒可通过唾液传播。尽管被发现于30年前,但该病毒仍鲜为人知。HHV-6主要感染CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、单核-巨噬细胞和NK细胞,亦可在唾液腺、乳腺、肾脏中潜伏并持续进行低密度复制。
      HHV-6感染的实验室检测方法包括采集患者的唾液、器官分泌物或外周血单核细胞分离培养病毒、PCR技术检测病毒DNA以及ELISA法检测血清中特异性IgM 及IgG抗体等。目前各国对HHV-6感染尚无有效的特异性防治措施。(来源:生物探索)

Presence of HHV-6A in Endometrial Epithelial Cells from Women with Primary Unexplained Infertility.
Marci R,Gentili V,Bortolotti D,Lo Monte G,Caselli E,Bolzani S,Rotola A,Di Luca D,Rizzo RPLoS One. 2016 Jul 1;11(7):e0158304. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158304. eCollection 2016.
Abstract:To elucidate the roles of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 primary unexplained infertile women, a prospective randomized study was conducted on a cohort of primary unexplained infertile women and a cohort of control women, with at least one successful pregnancy. HHV-6 DNA was analyzed and the percentage and immune-phenotype of resident endometrial Natural Killer (NK) cells, as the first line of defense towards viral infections, was evaluated in endometrial biopsies. Cytokine levels in uterine flushing samples were analyzed. HHV-6A DNA was found in 43% of endometrial biopsies from primary unexplained infertile women, but not in control women. On the contrary, HHV-6B DNA was absent in endometrial biopsies, but present in PBMCs of both cohorts. Endometrial NK cells presented a different distribution in infertile women with HHV6-A infection compared with infertile women without HHV6-A infection. Notably, we observed a lower percentage of endometrial specific CD56brightCD16- NK cells. We observed an enhanced HHV-6A-specific endometrial NK cell response in HHV-6A positive infertile women, with a marked increase in the number of endometrial NK cells activating towards HHV-6A infected cells. The analysis of uterine flushing samples showed an increase in IL-10 levels and a decrease of IFN-gamma concentrations in infertile women with HHV6-A infection. Our study indicates, for the first time, that HHV-6A infection might be an important factor in female unexplained infertility development, with a possible role in modifying endometrial NK cells immune profile and ability to sustain a successful pregnancy.
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