埃博拉病毒感染的实验室诊断方法研究进展
综述文章 埃博拉病毒感染的实验室诊断方法研究进展乔晋娟1,2, 罗俊1,2, 危宏平1
1. 中国科学院武汉病毒研究所新发传染病研究中心, 武汉430071;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京100049
Laboratory diagnosis of Ebola virus disease: A review
QIAO Jinjuan1,2, LUO Jun1,2, WEI Hongping1
1. Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
摘要 埃博拉病毒病是由埃博拉病毒引起的一种急性出血性传染病,具有极高的传染性,病死率高达90%,世界卫生组织已将埃博拉病毒列为对人类危害最严重的病毒之一,目前虽有一个被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准用于紧急治疗的实验药物TKM-Ebola,但尚无批准上市的用于预防埃博拉病毒的疫苗.建立快速、准确、简便的实验室检测方法对及时进行临床诊断救治、开展流行病学调查并最终控制其传播流行具有重要意义.本文综述埃博拉病毒实验室检测方法的原理、应用及进展,介绍病毒分离、电子显微镜观察、逆转录聚合酶链反应法、抗原检测试验、抗体酶联免疫吸附试验、血清中和试验及其他检测方法.
关键词 ： 埃博拉病毒病,埃博拉病毒,实验室诊断
Abstract：Ebola virus disease (EVD) caused by Ebola viruses (EBOV) is an acute hemorrhagic infectious disease. Because of its high infectivity and high mortality rate(up to 90%), EBOV is listed as one of the most dangerous viruses to human by World Health Organization. Although US FDA gave it emergency clearance to use an experimental drug TKM-Ebola, there is no Ebola vaccine available yet. Rapid, accurate, simple and reliable laboratory diagnostic tests are required in suspected cases for timely treatment, epidemiological investigation and controlling the spread of the EVD. This review summarizes the principles, applications and progress of the laboratory diagnosis of EVD, covering virus isolation by cell culture, electron microscopy, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, antigen detection, antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and serum neutralization test.
Key words： Ebola virus disease Ebola virus laboratory diagnosis
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