[转移贴]美科学家研制出针对天花和炭疽的双效疫苗
原贴由503814发表于 2010-10-7 20:35http://biosky.haotui.com/thread-17441-1-5.html
美国科学家10月4日报告说，他们研制出一种针对天花和炭疽的双效疫苗，它比现有的单一疫苗在防御生物恐怖袭击方面更安全、更有效。
这一增强型疫苗由美国国家癌症研究所、美国食品和药物管理局以及JDM生物技术公司联合研制。研究人员将免疫物质白细胞介素-15和来自炭疽杆菌的一个基因植入天花疫苗后，得到这种双效疫苗。
动物实验显示，与目前已被批准用于接种的炭疽疫苗相比，这种双效疫苗能更迅速、更有效地保护小鼠和兔不受炭疽感染。在小鼠和猴身上进行的测试显示，双效疫苗也比单一的天花疫苗更有效。此外，这种双效疫苗可以冻干储存，能在发生生物恐怖袭击事件时迅速供应。不过，这种疫苗还需得到美国药管局批准才能应用于人体。
相关研究成果4日发表在美国《国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）上。
Development of a highly efficacious vaccinia-based dual vaccine against smallpox and anthrax, two important bioterror entities
Tod J. Merkela,1, Pin-Yu Pererab,1, Vanessa K. Kellya, Anita Vermaa, Zara N. Llewellync, Thomas A. Waldmannd,2, Joseph D. Moscae, and Liyanage P. Pererad,2
aCenter for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892;
bVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC 20422;
cSouthern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35255;
dMetabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
eJDM Technologies, Ellicott City, MD 21042
Contributed by Thomas A. Waldmann, September 2, 2010 (sent for review May 26, 2010)
↵1T.J.M. and P-Y.P. contributed equally to this work.
【Abstract】Bioterrorism poses a daunting challenge to global security and public health in the 21st century. Variola major virus, the etiological agent of smallpox, and Bacillus anthracis, the bacterial pathogen responsible for anthrax, remain at the apex of potential pathogens that could be used in a bioterror attack to inflict mass casualties. Although licensed vaccines are available for both smallpox and anthrax, because of inadequacies associated with each of these vaccines, serious concerns remain as to the deployability of these vaccines, especially in the aftermath of a bioterror attack involving these pathogens. We have developed a single vaccine (Wyeth/IL-15/PA) using the licensed Wyeth smallpox vaccine strain that is efficacious against both smallpox and anthrax due to the integration of immune-enhancing cytokine IL-15 and the protective antigen (PA) of B. anthracis into the Wyeth vaccinia virus. Integration of IL-15 renders Wyeth vaccinia avirulent in immunodeficient mice and enhances anti-vaccinia immune responses. Wyeth/IL-15/PA conferred sterile protection against a lethal challenge of B. anthracis Ames strain spores in rabbits. A single dose of Wyeth/IL-15/PA protected 33% of the vaccinated A/J mice against a lethal spore challenge 72 h later whereas a single dose of licensed anthrax vaccine protected only 10%. Our dual vaccine Wyeth/IL-15/PA remedies the inadequacies associated with the licensed vaccines, and the inherent ability of Wyeth vaccinia virus to be lyophilized without loss of potency makes it cold-chain independent, thus simplifying the logistics of storage, stockpiling, and field delivery in the event of a bioterror attack involving smallpox or anthrax.
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