智能CARs修饰后用于癌症的免疫治疗 - 中国病毒学论坛|我们一直在坚持！

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic immunoreceptors, which can redirect T cells to selectively kill tumor cells, and as 'living drugs' have the potential to generate long-term antitumor immunity. Given their recent clinical successes for the treatment of refractory B-cell malignancies, there is a strong push toward advancing this immunotherapy to other hematological diseases and solid cancers. Here, we summarize the current state of the field, highlighting key variables for the optimal application of CAR T cells for cancer immunotherapy.

Advances in CAR T-cell therapy have highlighted intrinsic CAR design and T-cell manufacturing methods as critical components for maximal therapeutic success. Similarly, addressing the unique extrinsic challenges of each tumor type, including overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity, and mitigating potential toxicity, will dominate the next wave of CAR T-cell development.

CAR T-cell therapeutic optimization, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors, is critical to developing effective CAR T-cell therapies for cancer. The excitement of CAR T-cell immunotherapy has just begun, and will continue with new insights revealed in laboratory research and in ongoing clinical investigations.

嵌合抗原受体（CARs）是一种合成的免疫受体，它能够重新定向T细胞选择新杀伤肿瘤细胞，就像一种活着的药物具有长期潜在的抗肿瘤免疫能力。鉴于最近使用CAR-T细胞治疗成功治愈了难治性B淋巴细胞恶性肿瘤，这使得这种CAR-T疗法治疗其他血液系统疾病和实体肿瘤的治疗产生了推动作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了领域的目前情况，突出最佳使用CAR-T细胞技术的关键变量。

CAR-T治疗的进展主要在于内在的部分，包括CAR的设计和T细胞生产方式，这也是成功治疗疾病最关键的组成部分。同样的，需要解决一些外在的挑战，如肿瘤细胞的类型、克服肿瘤微环境的免疫抑制、肿瘤的异质性、减轻潜在的毒性，这些如果解决了，将会主导一下波CAR-T细胞治疗的发展。

CAR-T细胞治疗方案的优化，包括了内在和外在的因素，并且是有效发展CAR-T技术的关键。CAR-T免疫细胞治疗才刚刚起步，随着实验室的研究和临床试验的进行，将会产生新的观点和见解。