CAEBV的临床表现多样,常见临床表现包括发热(92.7%)、肝脏肿大(79.3%)、脾脏肿大(73.2%)、肝功能异常(67.1%)、血小板减少(45.1%)、贫血(43.9%)、淋巴结肿大(40.2%)、蚊虫叮咬过敏(32.9%),其他少见临床表现还包括皮疹、皮肤牛痘样水泡、腹泻、视网膜炎等[2]。近年研究发现,CAEBV的临床表现与外周血中EBV感染细胞类型有关:T淋巴细胞型主要表现为发热,NK细胞型更多表现为蚊虫叮咬过敏及相应的皮肤损害[4];T淋巴细胞型较B淋巴细胞型更易出现发热(100% vs. 45%)、肝功能异常(100% vs. 36%)和肝脏肿大(66% vs. 27%)[5]。该例患者反复发热、脾肿大、肝功能异常10余年,同时伴有血小板减少、淋巴结肿大,符合CAEBV的常见临床表现。我院未能对慢性活动性EB病毒进行细胞分型,但根据亚洲CAEBV以T淋巴细胞型和NK细胞型多见,且该例患者以发热、肝功能异常为主要表现,整个病程中无蚊虫叮咬过敏的发生,初步推测患者为T淋巴细胞型可能性较大。
参考文献
[1]CohenJI. Optimal treatment for chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease[J]. Pediatr Transplant, 2009, 13(4):393-396.
[2]KimuraH. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection[J]. Uirusu, 2011, 61(2):163-173.
[3]侍效春, 范洪伟, 吕玮, 等. 慢性活动性EB病毒感染12例临床分析[J]. 中华全科医师杂志, 2013, 12(4):283-285.
[4]ImadomeK. The clinical condition and diagnosis of EBV-T/NK-LPD (CAEBV, EBV-HLH etc.)[J]. Rinsho Ketsueki, 2013, 54(10):1992-1998.
[5]茅君卿, 杨世隆, 宋华, 等. 儿童慢性活动性EB病毒感染临床及实验室检查特征[J]. 中华当代儿科杂志, 2014, 16(11):1081-1085.
[6]OkanoM, KawaK, KimuraH, et al. Proposed guidelines for diagnosing chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection[J]. Am J Hematol, 2005, 80(1):64-69.
[7]CohenJI, JaffeES, DaleJK, et al. Characterization and treatment of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease: a 28-year experience in the United States[J]. Blood, 2011, 117(22):5835-5849.
[8]KawaK, SawadaA, SatoM, et al. Excellent outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic SCT with reduced-intensity conditioning for the treatment of chronic active EBV infection[J]. Bone Marrow Transplant, 2011, 46(1):77-83.
[9]GotohK, ItoY, Shibata-WatanabeY, et al. Clinical and virological characteristics of 15 patients with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2008, 46(10):1525-1534.
[10]CohenJI, JaffeES, DaleJK, et al. Characterization and treatment of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease: a 28-year experience in the United States[J]. Blood, 2011, 117(22):5835-5849.
[11]KimuraH, MorishimaT, KaneganeH, et al. Prognostic factors for chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection[J]. J Infect Dis, 2003, 187(4):527-533.