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标题: Nature communications:中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)疫苗新进展 [打印本页]

作者: ipsvirus 时间: 2015-8-31 12:25
标题: Nature communications:中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)疫苗新进展

《自然—通讯》近日在线发表了一种有潜力的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）疫苗。这种疫苗在小鼠和猕猴身上成功展现了可对这种冠状病毒的约旦N3毒株产生免疫力。

中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒从2012年被发现以来，发病数量大约在1118到1142例之间，已经产生了423到465例死亡病例。当前对该病毒如何传播的方式仍了解不多，有一种科学家存疑但并未确认的病毒宿主。至今为止尚未有治疗该病毒在人群中产生严重呼吸道疾病症状的办法。

美国马里兰州国立卫生研究院的Wing-Pui Kong、Barney Graham和研究团队现在报告了一种新抗体，可用编码该冠状病毒蛋白质的DNA感染动物，这种减弱的病毒蛋白质可在大鼠和猕猴体内激发一系列可以对抗病毒的抗体。被激发的免疫保护动物会避免遭遇中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒引发的肺炎的侵扰。这种免疫策略是第一种针对多种结构的MERS-CoV病毒的抗体，其结构遍布病毒的内外侧，减少了病毒在未来通过变异避免被免疫系统发现的可能性。

这项研究也是该类疫苗首次在中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒动物模型上进行测试，同时也是第一种中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒疫苗，该疫苗展示了对非人灵长类动物的保护作用。但需要注意的是，中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒在灵长类动物中的感染进程比在人类中温和得多。然而这种疫苗能否保护人类免受更严重的疾病症状侵扰目前尚不清楚，仍须更多研究确认该疫苗对人的安全性和有效性。

来源：中国科学报

作者: ipsvirus 时间: 2015-8-31 12:26
Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV

Lingshu Wang, Wei Shi, M. Gordon Joyce, Kayvon Modjarrad, Yi Zhang, Kwanyee Leung, Christopher R. Lees, Tongqing Zhou, Hadi M. Yassine, Masaru Kanekiyo, Zhi-yong Yang, Xuejun Chen, Michelle M. Becker, Megan Freeman, Leatrice Vogel, Joshua C. Johnson, Gene Olinger, John P. Todd, Ulas Bagci, Jeffrey Solomon, Daniel J. Mollura, Lisa Hensley, Peter Jahrling, Mark R. Denison, Srinivas S. Rao, Kanta Subbarao, Peter D. Kwong, John R. Mascola, Wing-Pui Kong & Barney S. Graham

The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as a cause of severe respiratory disease highlights the need for effective approaches to CoV vaccine development. Efforts focused solely on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral Spike (S) glycoprotein may not optimize neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. Here we show that immunogens based on full-length S DNA and S1 subunit protein elicit robust serum-neutralizing activity against several MERS-CoV strains in mice and non-human primates. Serological analysis and isolation of murine monoclonal antibodies revealed that immunization elicits NAbs to RBD and, non-RBD portions of S1 and S2 subunit. Multiple neutralization mechanisms were demonstrated by solving the atomic structure of a NAb-RBD complex, through sequencing of neutralization escape viruses and by constructing MERS-CoV S variants for serological assays. Immunization of rhesus macaques confers protection against MERS-CoV-induced radiographic pneumonia, as assessed using computerized tomography, supporting this strategy as a promising approach for MERS-CoV vaccine development.

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/201 ... ull/ncomms8712.html

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