近日，一项刊登在国际杂志Nature Communications上的研究报告中，来自杜克大学人类疫苗研究所的研究人员通过对猴子进行研究开发出了一种能够保护机体免于HIV样病毒感染的新型疫苗，而且目前这种HIV疫苗策略在泰国人体III期临床试验中已经取得了成功。将3个甚至更多靶点加入到所调查的疫苗中（总共5种）或能保护超过一半接种疫苗的动物免于猿人免疫缺陷病毒的感染。

图片摘自：National Cancer Institute

研究者Barton F. Haynes说道，这种在泰国临床试验中进行检测的名为RV144的疫苗体系拥有31%的有效率，而且也是唯一一个HIV所调查的疫苗，目前能够向个体提供适度的保护来抵御HIV的感染；本文研究中，通过对猴子进行研究，研究人员发现，利用这种新型五价疫苗或能够使得保护效率增加到55%。

研究者Haynes及其同事开始联合研究在泰国来时进行RV144的人类疫苗研究，如何他们添加了新的靶标来诱发试验对象机体中产生抗体来对HIV包膜区域产生反应。这些抗体很容易被诱发，通过将额外的病毒包膜区域添加到所调查的疫苗中，研究人员就能够明显改善试验动物应对难以中和的猿猴病毒的保护作用，这种猿猴病毒和HIV相当。

最后研究者Todd Bradley博士指出，如今我们实现了在灵长类动物中利用病毒感染模型来产生疫苗的保护作用；本文研究结果为我们提供了一种新型的策略来帮助改善首个HIV疫苗策略，从而为个体提供更为全面广泛的保护作用。

来源：生物谷

Pentavalent HIV-1 vaccine protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge.

Bradley T1, Pollara J1, Santra S2, Vandergrift N1, Pittala S3, Bailey-Kellogg C3, Shen X1, Parks R1, Goodman D1, Eaton A1, Balachandran H2, Mach LV2, Saunders KO1, Weiner JA3, Scearce R1, Sutherland LL1, Phogat S4, Tartaglia J4, Reed SG5, Hu SL6, Theis JF7, Pinter A7, Montefiori DC1, Kepler TB8, Peachman KK9,10, Rao M9, Michael NL9, Suscovich TJ11, Alter G11, Ackerman ME3, Moody MA1, Liao HX1, Tomaras G1, Ferrari G1, Korber BT12, Haynes BF1.

The RV144 Thai trial HIV-1 vaccine of recombinant poxvirus (ALVAC) and recombinant HIV-1 gp120 subtype B/subtype E (B/E) proteins demonstrated 31% vaccine efficacy. Here we design an ALVAC/Pentavalent B/E/E/E/E vaccine to increase the diversity of gp120 motifs in the immunogen to elicit a broader antibody response and enhance protection. We find that immunization of rhesus macaques with the pentavalent vaccine results in protection of 55% of pentavalent-vaccine-immunized macaques from simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge. Systems serology of the antibody responses identifies plasma antibody binding to HIV-infected cells, peak ADCC antibody titres, NK cell-mediated ADCC and antibody-mediated activation of MIP-1β in NK cells as the four immunological parameters that best predict decreased infection risk that are improved by the pentavalent vaccine. Thus inclusion of additional gp120 immunogens to a pox-prime/protein boost regimen can augment antibody responses and enhance protection from a SHIV challenge in rhesus macaques.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28593989