艾滋病病毒在大脑内的复制

marine0425030

当艾滋病病毒在大脑内复制......目前，由耶鲁大学医学院研究小组完成了一项关于艾滋病病毒在大脑内复制的相关研究。该研究发表在PLoS Pathogens.
此研究分析72名早期感染并未治疗的病人样品。通过对病人脑脊液和血液的分析，该研究检测到百分之二十的病人，其中枢神经系统有病毒复制。另外，30%的病人出现过炎症，16%的病人可以被检测到炎症的分子标记，这项研究表明病毒很早就开始在中枢神经复制。

"This shows that viral replication and inflammation can occur early in infection with the concern being that the damage caused could be irreversible," says study virologist Ronald Swanstrom, PhD, Director of the University of North Carolina's Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) and Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics at UNC's School of Medicine. "HIV and inflammation have the potential to accelerate the aging process and cause neurocognitive impairment, in the extreme case resulting in HIV-associated dementia."

One-third of people not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control their HIV will eventually develop HIV-associated dementia, Swanstrom says. For him, the study's results in these newly infected people stress the importance of routine HIV testing to catch the infection as early as possible to allow the prompt initiation antiretroviral therapy.

"This is yet another reason we want people on ART right away to limit the possibility of replication and inflammation in the brain," Swanstrom says.

Future studies could focus on whether or not damage to the brain caused by this early replication and inflammation is reversible. Swanstrom collaborated on the study with senior author and neurologist Serena Spudich, MD, Division Chief of Neurological Infections & Global Neurology and Associate Professor of Neurology at Yale School of Medicine, and neurologist Richard Price, MD, Professor of Neurology at the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine. The first author on the study was a UNC graduate student in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Christa Sturdevant, who is now a postdoctoral fellow at Duke University. The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.

文章

Compartmentalized Replication of R5 T Cell-Tropic HIV-1 in the Central Nervous System Early in the Course of Infection

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004720
• 
  
• Author Summary
• Early HIV-1 CNS replication likely provides a foundation for brain injury and a potentially important tissue reservoir. To explore the character and timing of emergence of early HIV-1 CNS replication, we examined paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from 72 ART-naïve adults, with one-half having longitudinal samples, during the first two years following HIV-1 subtype B infection. In a cross sectional analysis over the first two years of infection, 10–25% of subjects had evidence of either local viral replication in the CNS, defined by the presence of CSF compartmentalization, or a robust inflammatory response, and in approximately 16% of subjects this CNS involvement persisted over time. In some subjects, one of two transmitted viruses replicated predominantly within the CNS, providing insight into how HIV-1 can establish independently replicating populations early in different parts of the body. Based on their entry phenotype, all viruses were selected for replication in CD4+ T cells, although this phenotype was slightly altered in the compartmentalized virus. Overall, we suggest four states to model the nature of HIV-1 CNS infection, which imply distinct mechanisms of virus/host interaction within the CNS during early infection.
  
  

http://journals.plos.org/plospat ... t.1004720#abstract1

ipsvirus

那么问题就来了，HIV是怎样突破血脑屏障进入大脑的呢

marine0425030

HIV's double strike at the brain: neuronal toxicity and compromised neurogenesis

Current model of HIV-1 neuropathology indicating presumably toxic or protective factors and potential sites for therapeutic intervention (protective factors are shown in italic).