Cell Host Microbe：微生物分布地点决定寿命长短

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我们已经知道肠道微生物的组成发生变化会影响到我们的健康状态。比如说，有一些特定的微生物可以引发人类某些癌症的发生；或者会改变人的正常代谢；有些微生物甚至会加速人的衰老。

后生动物肠胃道的分区对健康非常重要，肠胃各个区域分布着特定的微生物群，如果这些微生物群生态失调会导致肠胃功能紊乱。而往往肠胃老化伴随着微生物失调，这一现象涉及到肠胃道的分区仍不清楚。最近在果蝇中，科学家发现改变其肠胃中的微生物组成和分布的地点也会减短其寿命。

最近一篇发表在Cell Host & Microbe的文章。科学工作者经过进一步的研究发现，年轻果蝇肠胃中的微生物分布和组成都与肠胃分区具有相关性，不同的微生物群都有特定的分布区域。而老年果蝇的肠胃中，由于炎症信号导致肠胃壁内的细胞老化，状态发生改变，出现肠胃组织变形，肠胃分区出现下降。而之前存在特定区域的微生物分布也随之紊乱。与衰老相关的JAK/Stat信号通路的激活导致了肠胃内壁出现组织变形。如果在肠胃组织中，抑制住JAK/Stat信号，可以阻止其微生物失调，进而延长果蝇的寿命。这表明微生物对人的健康而言，它们具体在肠胃组织中的所在地也非常关键！

他们的研究结果解释了与年龄相关的慢性炎症导致肠胃分区下降，从而导致各区域微生物群失调，最终限制动物寿命的生理机制。（生物谷Bioon.com）

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doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.008

Preventing Age-Related Decline of Gut Compartmentalization Limits Microbiota Dysbiosis and Extends Lifespan

Hongjie Li1, 2 Yanyan Qi1, Heinrich Jasper1, 2

Compartmentalization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of metazoans is critical for health. GI compartments contain specific microbiota, and microbiota dysbiosis is associated with intestinal dysfunction. Dysbiosis develops in aging intestines, yet how this relates to changes in GI compartmentalization remains unclear. The Drosophila GI tract is an accessible model to address this question. Here we show that the stomach-like copper cell region (CCR) in the middle midgut controls distribution and composition of the microbiota. We find that chronic activation of JAK/Stat signaling in the aging gut induces a metaplasia of the gastric epithelium, CCR decline, and subsequent commensal dysbiosis and epithelial dysplasia along the GI tract. Accordingly, inhibition of JAK/Stat signaling in the CCR specifically prevents age-related metaplasia, commensal dysbiosis and functional decline in old guts, and extends lifespan. Our results establish a mechanism by which age-related chronic inflammation causes the decline of intestinal compartmentalization and microbiota dysbiosis, limiting lifespan.