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标题: PNAS:一些动物病原菌源自人类 [打印本页]

作者: virology    时间: 2015-6-18 21:28
标题: PNAS:一些动物病原菌源自人类
一些动物会将病菌传播给人类。英国一项最新研究则显示,我们人类同样也会把一些病菌传播给动物。

曾因克隆羊“多利”而闻名的英国罗斯林研究所通过基因检测证实,在鸡体内发现的一种金黄色葡萄球菌其实来源于人类,这种病菌从人类向鸡的跨物种传播发生在大约40年前,当时家禽养殖业正迅速发展。金黄色葡萄球菌影响家禽的骨骼发育,并导致相关疾病。

罗斯林研究所日前发表新闻公报说,尽管金黄色葡萄球菌在人类中的传播还只局限于某一地区,但在世界各大洲的鸡体内都已发现了这种病菌,这可能是因为一些跨国公司集中养殖家禽,然后向全球供应产品,加快了病菌的传播。

研究人员说,自从人类开始驯养家禽、家畜以来,这还是首次有证据表明人类将病原体传给动物,并造成病原体在动物中扩散。

研究人员下一步将分析其他有可能是人类传给动物的病菌。

原始出处:PNAS November 2, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0909285106

Recent human-to-poultry host jump, adaptation, and pandemic spread of Staphylococcus aureus

Bethan V. Lowdera, Caitriona M. Guinanea, Nouri L. Ben Zakoura, Lucy A. Weinertb, Andrew Conway-Morrisc, Robyn A. Cartwrighta, A. John Simpsonc, Andrew Rambautb, Ulrich Nübeld and J. Ross Fitzgeralda,1

aThe Roslin Institute and Centre for Infectious Diseases, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies,
bInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, and
cCentre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Scotland, United Kingdom; and
dRobert Koch Institut, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany

The impact of globalization on the emergence and spread of pathogens is an important veterinary and public health issue. Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious human pathogen associated with serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections. In addition, S. aureus is a major cause of animal diseases including skeletal infections of poultry, which are a large economic burden on the global broiler chicken industry. Here, we provide evidence that the majority of S. aureus isolates from broiler chickens are the descendants of a single human-to-poultry host jump that occurred approximately 38 years ago (range, 30 to 63 years ago) by a subtype of the worldwide human ST5 clonal lineage unique to Poland. In contrast to human subtypes of the ST5 radiation, which demonstrate strong geographic clustering, the poultry ST5 clade was distributed in different continents, consistent with wide dissemination via the global poultry industry distribution network. The poultry ST5 clade has undergone genetic diversification from its human progenitor strain by acquisition of novel mobile genetic elements from an avian-specific accessory gene pool, and by the inactivation of several proteins important for human disease pathogenesis. These genetic events have resulted in enhanced resistance to killing by chicken heterophils, reflecting avian host-adaptive evolution. Taken together, we have determined the evolutionary history of a major new animal pathogen that has undergone rapid avian host adaptation and intercontinental dissemination. These data provide a new paradigm for the impact of human activities on the emergence of animal pathogens.





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