关于HIV微观研究的几个疑问(转移帖)

marine0425030

本帖最后由 nga917 于 2012-12-1 15:33 编辑

大家好，我是一名某高校血液科的研究生，方向是骨髓移植。
我来咨询几个关于HIV的问题，原因是职业暴露，我也查了很多资料，但是有的问题还是要请教专业的大家。

1.含有HIV的血液一旦接触空气会导致病毒失活么？

2.如果1成立，那么HIV的病毒分离工作的核心机理是促使感染病毒的细胞在培养基内继续复制从而感染预先准备的细胞？

3.如果1不成立，那么像我们日常做骨穿带出来的那一点点血液，多久之后会失去传染性呢？这个传染性当然是指日常传染性，比如接触到粘膜，破损的伤口等等。


问得很业余，希望大家给于解答，如果太多直接粘附英文原版我也能看，谢谢！

marine0425030

3# marine0425030

谢谢斑竹的回复，您的这篇引用出处是美国CDC的一个实验，在美国官网上我看过，同时一个CDC的医生在那个叫做body的网站上对这篇文章进行过解读，他指出在自然条件下，几分钟之后HIV将不再有传染性（我理解病毒死亡和失活是两个不同的概念），同时美国CDC也指出，干燥的血液在目前观测到的传播风险是0

我的疑问是偏向学术一些的，所以在很多公益网站上或者教科书上找不到回答。

我的问题主要是如果HIV真的像很多文章所说的once it expose to air,it done.或者是It become inactive as soon as it expose to air的话，似乎很难解释病毒分离试验，我读过一点这方面的文献，似乎没有特别提到隔离氧气操作之类的说法。所以我很想知道到底分离试验是利用了感染者血液中已经装配完毕的病毒还是通过实验室条件下促使感染者血液中感染细胞继续完成病毒复制过程而得到。

谢谢！

marine0425030

同时你可以参考这个帖子，希望对你有帮助！
http://bbs.virology.com.cn/thread-17986-1-3.html

我不知道您病毒分离实验的用途，在我们实验室直接从感染者血液中已经装配完毕的病毒，当然这也要根据病毒的病毒量viral load，如果太低的话，我们也无法检测到病毒，但是我们没有做相关感染性的实验。
你所说的第二种情况，“通过实验室条件下促使感染者血液中感染细胞继续完成病毒复制过程而得到”
这种情况也有人使用，比如说研究latency之类的。
你可以参考一下几篇文献。
1. J Clin Pathol. 1994 February; 47(2): 152–154. PMCID: PMC501831
Stability of infectious HIV in clinical samples and isolation from small volumes of whole blood.
2. European Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999) 29, 445–452 Paper 462
Long-term stability of human immunodeficiency virus viral
load and infectivity in whole blood
时间有限，就找了2篇文章.
你可以用在谷歌中用clinica isolation of HIV-1 or stability of clinical HIV isolation 等关键词
去搜索更多的相关信息。
希望对你有帮助，也欢迎继续我们的讨论。

marine0425030

希望对你有所帮助

An extensive study on the survival of HIV after drying was reported by Resnik and coworkers (Stability and inactivation of HTLV-III/LAV under clinical and laboratory environments. Journal of the American Medical Association 1986;255:1887-91). The purpose of the study was to determine the inactivation rate of HIV under experimental conditions - an objective that required the use of extremely high levels of HIV. The concentrations studied were at least 100,000 times greater than those typically found in the blood of HIV-infected persons. It is not surprising that when such high concentrations of HIV were used, the virus could be detected 1 to 3 days after drying. Upon close examination of these data and from other results that have been obtained by CDC, however, it is clear that drying causes a rapid (within 1 or 2 hours) reduction in virus concentration and renders 90 to 99 percent of the virus inactive.
HIV is very fragile and does not survive well outside the human body. HIV is inactivated by heat and dies after 30 minutes at 56EC (132.8EF). It is also highly susceptible to physical and chemical agents.

If properly stored, HIV is very stable at low temperatures. It can last 7-10 days at 4EC (39.2EF) and months to years at -70EC (-94EF). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stores purified virus preparations in liquid nitrogen (-200EC or -328EF). In all cases, the stability of HIV depends on the presence of the proper concentration