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1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good. % C( ~/ l! d" [: w
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。） ' w. J* Q3 K) g- {3 e2 r7 Y) P
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many. * J: {. Y% U' \
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some. ; P4 V/ T4 {3 V# }
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。 - Q3 ` f* G# _+ E
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
$ t" f4 L+ k& x$ C) \8. shared 替换 common .
. K' `' t: [& W F1 n* U: k2 I0 S9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
" z# J3 z7 J M# B& T10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion. 8 J2 P% p5 k( t0 N" u* `0 f) y
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） . p ?: C5 V# ?
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
9 v/ p4 X! {0 Z& N* u1 m13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful. 8 m# l a) g9 i
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer. . G: \% M& p5 H' g$ j
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very. ) n7 J% \6 u" t0 ~+ I
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable. 9 f, I7 y3 \- n/ c- N
17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
; W1 A0 n2 [$ E" d$ `* |1 U, H8 z18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in. 9 n: w: a* ?* b; _1 L. s: T% k
19. capture one's attention 替换 attract one's attention.
6 |( T4 r4 R$ X/ R9 N9 U, z20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet. 0 v) _" I! t$ P& R5 _ u4 e" r
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear. $ m6 z2 s8 i. E# \/ A, k
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
, H! p) {/ S7 B23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth. / K& O0 t" N. ^/ ?8 Q) F; P U
24. desire 替换 want. $ w! F- ^. G, J/ B- t1 O
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to. & V1 f- m0 ~7 E1 L$ D
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember. . K3 A5 z( ^5 l+ e. j9 b6 W4 F
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
; M6 L/ K- X& L2 b3 h( D28. interaction 替换 communication.
" r6 i$ [0 k* G6 L29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
2 C V# m& G. M0 z$ e0 D u7 b30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
9 _& E' X: M; J9 {. U0 M' ^% A) y7 ?31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
6 H4 m' l3 r0 @2 k9 X32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
+ p, t J% [" B+ Q% h33. crucial /paramount 替换 important. ) r3 }9 W7 Z) M
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.
7 ~3 w9 d/ J! C. o* S3 o' {35. assiduous 替换 hard-working. 2 l. s0 s b; {; n+ r
36. arduous 替换 difficult.
/ b6 Z2 ~; @* M& h) w" T37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.
6 m# x8 V% A- H, i+ ?38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show. 1 n' |! ^, F' Y5 q
39. invariably 替换 always. ) h* P; f2 I% y( n
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
6 w/ w4 ~( c4 E41. formidable 替换 difficult. 4 \ N! V' n2 @2 h9 [
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）. ) h+ I) m, n! n1 s
43. distinguished 替换 famous. ! f" ~7 E5 r1 n% Y& D; C2 U" y& J
44. feasible 替换 possible.
* \" z3 G1 `( Y. I8 w& ]45. consequently, accordingly替换 so. ! v$ O; o/ d7 K- B2 @, H% r: c
46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
( ^' t3 C+ `( q0 w, i7 C! T" A$ F47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇 Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。) 0 m( j3 I. g8 x* y1 ~
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
" \3 B8 t- T3 F, |5 V* t" |/ ~Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。) % S, Y, i. i5 v
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
1 r$ M! N8 C4 B* |9 c# Z! `2 S- ZAccording to the anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting females.(根据…)
8 Z1 Q& o6 v% N6 t6 W$ |7 d9 I% c9 aPrevious studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调) & m- M2 O" X! I+ s% X" E+ `4 V$ V
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD…… 8 T6 a3 f% q0 N5 M
来源：丁香园 4 V! C% F6 j( o! ]/ I
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发表于 2015-4-30 10:43:59
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